ÇOKKÜLTÜRLÜ TOPLUMLARDA KİMLİK BÜTÜNLÜĞÜ: GÖÇMENLERİN PSİKOSOSYAL UYUM SÜREÇLERİ
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Özet
Küreselleşmenin hız kazandığı çağımızda uluslararası göç hareketleri, toplumların demografik ve kültürel yapılarını dönüştüren temel dinamiklerden biri haline gelmiştir. Bu dönüşüm, göçmen bireylerin yeni topluma entegrasyon süreçlerinde karşılaştıkları psikososyal zorlukları ve kimlik müzakerelerini ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Bu derleme ve kuramsal analiz, çokkültürlü toplumlarda göçmenlerin kimlik bütünlüğünü koruma ve yeniden inşa etme çabalarını, psikososyal uyum süreçleri bağlamında sosyal psikoloji perspektifinden incelemektedir. Göçmenlerin kimlik gelişimini etkileyen bireysel, sosyal, kültürel ve yapısal faktörler, kültürleşme stratejileri (bütünleşme, asimilasyon, ayrışma, marjinalleşme), sosyal kimlik kuramı, benlik kategorizasyon kuramı gibi temel kuramsal yaklaşımlar ışığında ele alınmaktadır. Algılanan ayrımcılık, sosyal destek ağları, dil yeterliliği ve ev sahibi toplumun kabul düzeyi gibi unsurların göçmenlerin hem psikolojik iyi oluşları hem de sosyokültürel adaptasyonları üzerindeki etkileri derinlemesine tartışılmaktadır. Kimlik bütünlüğünün, özellikle çift kültürlü kimlik gelişiminin, göçmenlerin psikososyal uyumunda merkezi bir rol oynadığı vurgulanmaktadır. Analiz, göçmenlerin uyum süreçlerini destekleyici ve kimlik bütünlüklerini güçlendirici politika ve uygulamalara yönelik çıkarımlar sunmakta, ayrıca alandaki gelecek araştırmalar için potansiyel yönelimleri işaret etmektedir.
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